新华社北京9月12日电题：“要像爱惜自己的生命一样保护好城市历史文化遗产”新华社记者王秋韵、张漫子 胡同、四合院，作为典型的文化符号见证着北京这座千年古城的变迁，其生存和发展问题也一直引人关注。    Pyongyang's assumptions with regard to Washington's potential role in the COVID-19 pandemic apparently stem from a bombshell report by professors Jeffrey D Sachs and Neil L Harrison, published in May 2022 by peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS).,"Prof Jeffrey Sachs of Columbia University had spent two years as chairman of the Lancet Commission on COVID and recently published a major paper in the prestigious PNAS journal arguing that the virus was very likely artificial, also calling for an independent inquiry into its possible American origins, but virtually all western media outlets ignored his dramatic reversal," says Ron Unz, an American technology entrepreneur, political activist, writer and the publisher of the Unz Review.,On 27 May, Sachs and Harrison released an op-ed for Project Syndicate, arguing that US authorities suppressed inquiries into the role US scientific research institutions may have played in creating the conditions of the COVID pandemic. "Yet if the coronavirus did indeed come from a lab, US culpability is almost certain," the professors insisted, calling for independent probes "not only into the outbreak in Wuhan, China, but also into the relevant US scientific research, international outreach, and technology licensing in the lead-up to the pandemic.",According to Sachs and Harrison, "the full story of the outbreak could involve America’s role in researching coronaviruses and in sharing its biotechnology with others around the world." The professors pointed out that "US scientists who work with SARS-like coronaviruses regularly create and test dangerous novel variants" to develop drugs and vaccines against them. These experiments, also known as "gain-of-function" research, have been conducted for decades prompting concerns that one day they could lead to an accidental outbreak or end up in the wrong hands, the scholars highlighted.,"In June, [Sachs] went even further in his public statements at a Spanish think-tank, describing the COVID virus as probably having an American origin," notes Unz. "In my opinion, Prof Sachs is merely stating what many senior figures in the West quietly believe or suspect but have been unwilling to mention publicly.",Situation in UkraineUS Has Helped Support 46 Biological Labs in Ukraine Over Last Two Decades, Pentagon Says9 June, 17:19 GMT,An Accidental Leak or a Warfare Tool?,America's experiments with viruses and dangerous pathogens have triggered concerns in Russia and China over the past few years. On 13 May 2020, Russia's Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov drew attention to a "dense network" of US biolabs located "along the perimeter of the Russian Federation and near Chinese borders".,Earlier this year, Beijing urged Washington to disclose the information about the activities of at least 360 biolabs in the world, presumably run by the US.,Since 2001, Russia, China, and many other countries have advocated the creation of a verification mechanism within the framework of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction to ensure biosafety across the world. Nonetheless, the US was "about the only country" which has categorically opposed this proposal for roughly 20 years, Lavrov revealed in 2020.,"Over the past 70 years, America has invested an estimated $100Bln in developing the world's largest and longest-standing biowarfare program," says Unz.,Situation in UkraineWhat's Behind Washington's Denial of Biowarfare Weapons Programme in Ukraine?12 March, 15:50 GMT,The American publisher suggested that the US could be responsible for the COVID outbreak long before Sachs and Harrison did. Furthermore, Unz does not rule out that the pathogen was used as a deliberate biowarfare tool against China and, possibly, Iran by "elements of [the US] national security establishment, though without the direct knowledge or authorization of President Donald Trump.",There are a lot of unknowns about the mysterious pandemic which is believed to have come from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, China. For instance, neither a COVID-19 "patient zero" nor a "guilty bat" have been found, which means that SARS-CoV-2 may actually have been circulating among humans some time before the late 2019 Wuhan outbreak, according to CBS News.,In April 2020, ABC News broke the story that a special medical intelligence unit within the US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) in the second week of November 2019 produced a classified report warning about an "out-of-control disease epidemic" in the Wuhan area of China. It urged the US to protect its forces in Asia. Although a Pentagon spokesman officially denied the existence of that November report, Israel's broadcaster Channel 12 said the US had also shared the document in question with NATO and Israeli Defense Force (IDF).,It appears suspicious, according to Unz, that the DIA rushed to dub the mysterious disease an "epidemic" at a time when just a couple of dozen individuals were infected in Wuhan.,"It therefore appears that elements of the Defense Intelligence Agency were aware of the deadly viral outbreak in Wuhan more than a month before any officials in the Chinese government itself," Unz points out. "Furthermore, the New York Times and CNN have also promoted a major new research study just published in Science that found the first Wuhan infection probably occurred on 18 November 2019. This was after the secret DIA report had already been produced, but the American media has completely ignored the implications of this striking discrepancy.",Yet another strange coincidence was Donald Trump's appointment of Robert Kadlec as the top official for dealing with biological threats in 2017, the American writer says. Since the Nineties, Kadlec had been one of America’s leading biowarfare advocates.,"From January to August 2019, Kadlec’s department ran the 'Crimson Contagion' simulation exercise, involving the hypothetical outbreak of a dangerous respiratory viral disease in China, which eventually spreads to the United States, with the participants focusing on the necessary measures to control it in this country," Unz says, adding that before that China had suffered two inexplicable viral epidemics which hit its poultry and pork industry in 2018 and 2019, respectively.,Situation in UkraineUkraine Labs: Bioweapons Can be Used as Tool in US Low-Level War Against Russia, ex-DoD Analyst Says15 April, 12:51 GMT,History of Pentagon's Bio-warfare,Although the Pentagon's alleged responsibility for the COVID outbreak has yet to be examined and backed by solid evidence, one must admit that Washington is no novice where biological warfare is concerened.,The US was accused of using germ weapons against Korea during the Korean War (1950-1953) and China based on the testimony of at least 38 US military pilots.,In August 2021, Xinhua quoted witnesses and historians describing how the Pentagon used germ bombs in civilian areas in China and Korea to spread dozens of species of poisonous insects and germs.,And Havana leveled accusations against the Pentagon over the dengue epidemic in Cuba that contaminated 345,000 people in 1981 and an artificial outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) that led to the slaughter of 500,000 animals and inflicted considerable economic damage on the island nation in 1971. The US Department of Defense denied the allegations.,"Over the years highly regarded and fully mainstream American journalists and academics have published books and articles documenting America's extensive use of biowarfare during the Korean War and later as anti-food supply attacks against Cuba, East Germany, and other countries," notes Unz.,Recently, Russia's Ministry of Defense has revisited cases pertaining to the US history of biological warfare, while examining a trove of highly sensitive documents shedding light on the Pentagon's experiments with highly contagious pathogens in Ukraine. According to the MoD, the Pentagon's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) division ran a network of biological labs in Ukraine with the aim of inflicting damage on Russia's people and economy.,"I'm certainly aware of the Russian Ministry of Defense public claims regarding the Pentagon's involvement in Ukrainian biolabs, and the preparation of possible biowarfare attacks against Russia," says Unz. "I don't have any special knowledge of this issue, but the apparent public admission by [Undersecretary of State] Victoria Nuland at a US Senate hearing convinced me that there was a high likelihood that these Russian accusations were correct.",Unz argues that "American military plans for biowarfare attacks against Russia dramatically increase the likelihood that similar measures had been prepared against China and Iran, and perhaps actually carried out by rogue elements of the Trump Administration." Although US secretive biological programs and the Pentagon's overseas biowarfare labs have been triggering further suspicions, the topic still remains largely neglected and suppressed by western mainstream media.。2014年2月25日，习近平总书记来到北京玉河旁的雨儿胡同，先后走进29号、30号大杂院。总书记说：“这一片胡同我很熟悉，今天来就是想看看老街坊，听听大家对老城区改造的想法。” 老城要发展，居民生活亟待改善。如何既满足老街坊们对美好生活的期盼，又保留城市文化记忆、延续历史文脉？习近平总书记有着深邃思考。在2014年2月25日考察时，习近平总书记指出，北京是世界著名古都，丰富的历史文化遗产是一张金名片，传承保护好这份宝贵的历史文化遗产是首都的职责，要本着对历史负责、对人民负责的精神，传承历史文脉。“要像爱惜自己的生命一样保护好城市历史文化遗产。”习近平总书记语气坚定。“胡同和四合院是北方传统民居的代表，也是市井文化的代表，具有重要保护价值。北京胡同与元大都的建设相伴而生，从街巷到胡同，呈棋盘纵横分布，形成了老城的骨架与血脉。

二 | ”北京市古代建筑设计研究所所长张越说。一系列着力保护胡同肌理和院落风貌的举措在古都有序落实：出台《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》，明确老城不能再拆，通过腾退、恢复性修建，做到应保尽保；实施新修订的《北京历史文化名城保护条例》，维护历史文化遗产的真实性、历史风貌的完整性、社会生活的延续性、城市功能的多样性…… “为保留老房子的味道，许多建筑上缺损的老构件不再是简单替换，而是专门搜集传统的材料，依据胡同特色，用传统技艺进行修复。

三 | ”负责雨儿胡同改造工程现场的北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司工程师郑天深有感慨，“以往，我常常修复建筑，但这一次，我感觉是在修复城市，修复她的文明基底、抚慰城市心灵。” 随着一条条老胡同里的建筑风貌和规制格局恢复，尘封已久的古都记忆慢慢苏醒，“老巷幽宅静树依”的风韵回来了。雨儿胡同30号院里，老居民崇宝才坐在小院核桃树下，细数着小院里的秋藤、冬雪、春雨、夏荷……一年四季都是好光景。30多年前，崇宝才一家三口搬进30号院时，约300平方米的院子里住了14户居民，私搭乱建十分严重，密如蛛网的胡同里房屋杂乱得挤成一团。“这些年经过修复改造，我们四合院的温情味儿回来了，私搭的棚子没了，大杂院变成了自己一直羡慕的中式大院。阳光照进屋里，心里亮堂堂的。”这位71岁老人的脸上皱纹舒展，漾出笑容。2019年2月，习近平总书记再次走进北京胡同。在前门东区草厂四条胡同，总书记说：“北京的传统文化特色在哪里？就是胡同。如果北京的胡同都消失了，都变成高楼大厦了，还怎么记得住乡愁？我们搞现代化建设，既要把这个文化底蕴保留下来，又要让胡同居民过上现代生活，要把二者结合好。” 青砖灰瓦、朱门楹联，石纹苍老、花木扶疏。草厂四条胡同里，一砖一瓦都在讲述着古都的变迁。“诗书修德业，麟凤振家声”“有容德乃大，无欺心自安”“德义渊闳，履禄绥厚”……四合院门上镌刻的楹联，蕴含着中华民族独特的文化基因。草厂胡同居民李彩仙列举着这些楹联，骄傲地说：“这些家风家训，是孩子们成长中最好的‘护身符’。”除了楹联，胡同里还有雕花砖墙、门簪门墩、窗棂透风……传统的印记让宅院有了生命。雨儿胡同、草厂地区的变迁只是一个缩影。如今，白塔寺宫门口东西岔胡同、培育胡同、铸钟胡同等一批老胡同纷纷变了样。据统计，2017年以来，北京市3900多条背街小巷环境面貌得到整体改善。登上北京景山，俯瞰整座城市，成百上千条胡同纵横交错，古韵与新貌相融共生，名人故居、戏园会馆、百年老字号、非遗博物馆等历史文化载体星罗棋布，古都文化穿梭流淌。春草生，秋叶落，胡同和四合院浓郁的文化气息在岁月中沉淀绵延。“作为胡同里的一分子，我要和孩子们一起像爱惜生命一样，保护传承好这里的人情味儿、文化味儿。”崇宝才说。

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